Climate adaptation: the questions examiners keep asking

Pakistan contributes a small share of global emissions but is among the countries most exposed to climate impacts.

Strong answers separate mitigation from adaptation, then focus on adaptation: early-warning systems, resilient infrastructure, water storage and urban planning.

Use international frameworks — the Paris Agreement and loss-and-damage discussions — to show global context.

End with a prioritised list of reforms rather than a long, unranked wish list.