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CSS Solved English (Precis & Composition)

CSS 2025English (Precis & Composition)Q. 7

Translate the following into English, keeping in view figurative and idiomatic expressions. ("بارہویں صدی کے مسلمان ماہرِ الٰہیات اور فلسفی، الغزالی کی فکر سب سے زیادہ غلط فہمی کا شکار ہے…")

By CSS Nexus Team ·

Original CSS 2025 English (Precis & Composition) paper

This answer to the CSS 2025 English (Precis & Composition) paper (Q. 7) was written by the CSS Nexus team. Read the outline first, then see how each point is developed.

Outline

  • Read the paragraph whole: al-Ghazali saw the Quran as an ocean of meanings open to endless interpretation
  • ✓غلط فہمی کا شکار → misunderstood
  • ✓جتنے سمندر میں پانی کے قطرے → as many as there are drops of water in the ocean
  • ✓غوطہ زن ہو کر → by diving into
  • ✓ظاہر پر مطمئن ہو کر ساحل پر پڑے رہنا → to linger on the shore, content with the surface
  • ✓جدت اور روایت کا امتزاج → a blend of the modern and the traditional
  • Keep the ocean image throughout and render the quotations as quotations

Answer

The Urdu paragraph

بارہویں صدی کے مسلمان ماہرِ الٰہیات اور فلسفی، الغزالی کی فکر سب سے زیادہ غلط فہمی کا شکار ہے۔ ایک مفکر کے طور پر انہوں نے دلیل دی ہے کہ قرآن جتنی تشریحات کے لیے کھلا ہے، "سمندر میں پانی کے قطرے ہیں"۔ بقول اُن کے، "کیا تم نہیں جانتے کہ قرآن ایک سمندر کی مانند ہے؟" اور آپ اپنے معانی کے لامتناہی سمندر میں سفر کرنے کا حق رکھتے ہیں۔ اور اس سمندر کی گہرائیوں میں غوطہ زن ہو کر آپ یاقوت اور موتی حاصل کرکے دولت مند بن سکتے ہیں۔ وہ مزید کہتے ہیں کہ "تم ظاہر پر مطمئن ہو کر ساحل پر کیوں پڑے رہتے ہو؟" یہ کہ مسلمانوں کے لیے رد کرنا، آگے بڑھنا اور اختلاف کرنا جائز ہے۔ الغزالی جدت اور روایت کا بہترین امتزاج ہیں۔

Translation

The thought of al-Ghazali, the twelfth-century Muslim theologian and philosopher, is perhaps the most misunderstood of all. As a thinker, he argued that the Quran is open to as many interpretations as there are drops of water in the ocean. "Do you not know," he asked, "that the Quran is like an ocean?" You have every right to sail its boundless sea of meanings, and by diving into its depths you can grow rich with rubies and pearls. He goes on to ask, "Why do you linger on the shore, content with the surface?" For Muslims, then, it is legitimate to reject, to move forward and to disagree. Al-Ghazali is the finest blend of the modern and the traditional.

How the idioms were handled

- سب سے زیادہ غلط فہمی کا شکار becomes "the most misunderstood", not the literal "the victim of the most misunderstanding".

- The comparison with drops of water is kept as an English comparative: "as many interpretations as there are drops of water in the ocean".

- غوطہ زن ہو کر … دولت مند بن سکتے ہیں keeps the image of diving for treasure: "by diving into its depths you can grow rich with rubies and pearls".

- ظاہر پر مطمئن ہو کر ساحل پر کیوں پڑے رہتے ہو is rendered "Why do you linger on the shore, content with the surface?", keeping both the shore and the contrast between surface and depth.

- جدت اور روایت کا بہترین امتزاج becomes "the finest blend of the modern and the traditional".

A note on the source

The ocean image comes from al-Ghazali's Jawahir al-Quran (The Jewels of the Quran), where he compares the Quran to an ocean and urges readers not to stay on its shore but to dive for its jewels. Al-Ghazali died in 1111 CE, so "twelfth century" in the paper is close; he is usually described as an eleventh- to twelfth-century scholar. The translation should still follow the paper.

Common mistakes to avoid

Translating word for word, dropping the quotation marks around his questions, and mixing images (an ocean in one sentence, a river in the next).

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