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Pakistan Studies · Topic 2

Constitution of Pakistan

The Objectives Resolution, the three constitutions and key articles and amendments.

Explanation 325 MCQs Free timed quizzes
Pakistan Studies

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Explanation

Expect questions on dates, on the main features of each constitution and on well-known articles and amendments of the 1973 Constitution.

Constitutional history

  • Pakistan was first governed under the Government of India Act 1935, as amended by the Indian Independence Act 1947.
  • Objectives Resolution: passed on 12 March 1949, moved by Liaquat Ali Khan; it is the preamble of every constitution since.
  • First constitution: enforced on 23 March 1956; Pakistan became an Islamic Republic and Iskander Mirza the first President.
  • Martial law was imposed on 7 October 1958 and the 1956 Constitution was abrogated.
  • Second constitution: 1962 (enforced 8 June 1962) under Ayub Khan, with a presidential system.
  • Third constitution: passed on 10 April 1973 and enforced on 14 August 1973; parliamentary system; Zulfikar Ali Bhutto became Prime Minister.

Key articles of the 1973 Constitution

  • Article 1: Pakistan is a Federal Republic, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
  • Article 2: Islam is the state religion. Article 2A: the Objectives Resolution made a substantive part (added in 1985).
  • Article 6: high treason. Article 25A: free and compulsory education for children aged 5 to 16.
  • Article 41: the President; Article 91: the Cabinet and Prime Minister.
  • Article 213: Chief Election Commissioner. Article 251: Urdu is the national language.
  • Parliament (Majlis-e-Shoora) has two houses: the National Assembly and the Senate.

Important amendments

  • 8th Amendment (1985): gave the President power to dissolve the National Assembly under Article 58(2)(b).
  • 13th Amendment (1997): removed Article 58(2)(b); the 17th (2003) restored it.
  • 18th Amendment (2010): removed 58(2)(b) again, abolished the Concurrent Legislative List, renamed NWFP Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and added Article 25A.
  • 21st Amendment (2015): military courts for terrorism cases.
  • 25th Amendment (2018): merged FATA with Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
  • 26th Amendment (2024): changed how the Chief Justice of Pakistan is appointed and created constitutional benches.

Practise

Constitution of Pakistan MCQs

Try each question, then open the answer. MCQs 101–150 of 325.

101.Which article provides for the Federal Cabinet and the Prime Minister?

  1. A. Article 91
  2. B. Article 90
  3. C. Article 41
  4. D. Article 95
Show answer

Answer: A. Article 91

Article 91 says there shall be a Cabinet with the Prime Minister at its head.

102.By whom is the Prime Minister elected?

  1. A. The people directly
  2. B. The Senate
  3. C. The Parliament in joint sitting
  4. D. The National Assembly
Show answer

Answer: D. The National Assembly

The National Assembly elects the Prime Minister from among its Muslim members.

103.Which article deals with a vote of no-confidence against the Prime Minister?

  1. A. Article 91
  2. B. Article 95
  3. C. Article 58
  4. D. Article 96
Show answer

Answer: B. Article 95

Article 95 lets the National Assembly remove the Prime Minister by a vote of no-confidence.

104.How many members must sign a no-confidence resolution against the Prime Minister?

  1. A. At least 20 per cent of the National Assembly
  2. B. At least one-third of the Parliament
  3. C. At least half of the National Assembly
  4. D. At least 10 per cent of the National Assembly
Show answer

Answer: A. At least 20 per cent of the National Assembly

Article 95 requires the resolution to be moved by at least 20 per cent of the total members.

105.Which Prime Minister was the first to be removed by a vote of no-confidence?

  1. A. Imran Khan
  2. B. Nawaz Sharif
  3. C. Benazir Bhutto
  4. D. Yousaf Raza Gilani
Show answer

Answer: A. Imran Khan

Imran Khan was removed by a no-confidence vote on 10 April 2022, the first such removal.

106.The 1973 Constitution was passed by the National Assembly while who was President?

  1. A. Yahya Khan
  2. B. Nurul Amin
  3. C. Fazal Ilahi Chaudhry
  4. D. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Show answer

Answer: D. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Bhutto was President until August 1973, then became Prime Minister.

107.Who chaired the committee that drafted the 1973 Constitution?

  1. A. Justice Hamoodur Rahman
  2. B. Mian Mahmud Ali Kasuri, later Abdul Hafeez Pirzada
  3. C. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto alone
  4. D. Mufti Mahmud
Show answer

Answer: B. Mian Mahmud Ali Kasuri, later Abdul Hafeez Pirzada

Abdul Hafeez Pirzada took over as chairman of the constitution committee.

108.How many parts did the original 1973 Constitution have?

  1. A. 10
  2. B. 12
  3. C. 8
  4. D. 14
Show answer

Answer: B. 12

It had 280 articles in 12 parts and several schedules.

109.Which part of the Constitution contains the fundamental rights and principles of policy?

  1. A. Part IV
  2. B. Part II
  3. C. Part III
  4. D. Part I
Show answer

Answer: B. Part II

Part II covers fundamental rights (Chapter 1) and principles of policy (Chapter 2).

110.Which part of the Constitution deals with the Federation of Pakistan (President, Parliament, government)?

  1. A. Part III
  2. B. Part IV
  3. C. Part VII
  4. D. Part II
Show answer

Answer: A. Part III

Part III covers the federal executive and legislature.

111.Which part of the Constitution deals with the provinces?

  1. A. Part VI
  2. B. Part IV
  3. C. Part V
  4. D. Part III
Show answer

Answer: B. Part IV

Part IV covers governors, chief ministers and provincial assemblies.

112.Which part of the Constitution deals with the judicature?

  1. A. Part VIII
  2. B. Part VI
  3. C. Part VII
  4. D. Part IX
Show answer

Answer: C. Part VII

Part VII covers the Supreme Court, High Courts and Federal Shariat Court.

113.Which part of the Constitution deals with Islamic provisions?

  1. A. Part VII
  2. B. Part II
  3. C. Part X
  4. D. Part IX
Show answer

Answer: D. Part IX

Part IX includes Articles 227 to 231 on Islamic provisions.

114.Which article says no law shall be made against the injunctions of Islam?

  1. A. Article 203
  2. B. Article 227
  3. C. Article 2
  4. D. Article 31
Show answer

Answer: B. Article 227

Article 227 requires laws to conform to the Quran and Sunnah.

115.Which article sets up the Council of Islamic Ideology?

  1. A. Article 227
  2. B. Article 228
  3. C. Article 203C
  4. D. Article 230
Show answer

Answer: B. Article 228

Article 228 provides for the Council.

116.The Federal Shariat Court is set up under which article?

  1. A. Article 185
  2. B. Article 175
  3. C. Article 203C
  4. D. Article 227
Show answer

Answer: C. Article 203C

Chapter 3A of Part VII deals with the Federal Shariat Court.

117.Which article provides for the Supreme Court and High Courts?

  1. A. Article 184
  2. B. Article 203
  3. C. Article 199
  4. D. Article 175
Show answer

Answer: D. Article 175

Article 175 establishes the superior courts.

118.The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in matters of public importance is under which article?

  1. A. Article 184(3)
  2. B. Article 185
  3. C. Article 199
  4. D. Article 186
Show answer

Answer: A. Article 184(3)

Article 184(3) lets the Supreme Court hear cases of fundamental rights directly.

119.The writ jurisdiction of the High Courts is under which article?

  1. A. Article 199
  2. B. Article 184
  3. C. Article 212
  4. D. Article 185
Show answer

Answer: A. Article 199

High Courts issue writs such as habeas corpus under Article 199.

120.The President can seek the Supreme Court's advisory opinion under which article?

  1. A. Article 186
  2. B. Article 189
  3. C. Article 184
  4. D. Article 187
Show answer

Answer: A. Article 186

Article 186 provides for advisory jurisdiction.

121.Which article says decisions of the Supreme Court are binding on all other courts?

  1. A. Article 186
  2. B. Article 190
  3. C. Article 189
  4. D. Article 175
Show answer

Answer: C. Article 189

Article 189 makes Supreme Court decisions binding.

122.What is the retirement age of a Supreme Court judge?

  1. A. 65 years
  2. B. 60 years
  3. C. 68 years
  4. D. 62 years
Show answer

Answer: A. 65 years

Supreme Court judges retire at 65.

123.What is the retirement age of a High Court judge?

  1. A. 58 years
  2. B. 60 years
  3. C. 65 years
  4. D. 62 years
Show answer

Answer: D. 62 years

High Court judges retire at 62.

124.Which article deals with the Supreme Judicial Council?

  1. A. Article 213
  2. B. Article 209
  3. C. Article 211
  4. D. Article 175A
Show answer

Answer: B. Article 209

The SJC inquires into the conduct of superior court judges.

125.Which article deals with the Judicial Commission of Pakistan?

  1. A. Article 175A
  2. B. Article 175
  3. C. Article 209
  4. D. Article 177
Show answer

Answer: A. Article 175A

Article 175A was added by the 18th Amendment.

126.Which article provides for the Election Commission?

  1. A. Article 222
  2. B. Article 213
  3. C. Article 218
  4. D. Article 224
Show answer

Answer: C. Article 218

Article 218 sets up the Election Commission.

127.Elections must be held within how many days after the National Assembly completes its term?

  1. A. 120 days
  2. B. 60 days
  3. C. 90 days
  4. D. 30 days
Show answer

Answer: B. 60 days

If the assembly is dissolved early, elections are due within 90 days.

128.Elections must be held within how many days if the National Assembly is dissolved before its term?

  1. A. 90 days
  2. B. 45 days
  3. C. 30 days
  4. D. 60 days
Show answer

Answer: A. 90 days

Article 224 sets 90 days after an early dissolution.

129.Which article deals with caretaker governments?

  1. A. Article 218
  2. B. Article 91
  3. C. Article 224
  4. D. Article 213
Show answer

Answer: C. Article 224

Article 224 covers the caretaker cabinet during elections.

130.Which article provides for the National Finance Commission?

  1. A. Article 172
  2. B. Article 154
  3. C. Article 160
  4. D. Article 161
Show answer

Answer: C. Article 160

The NFC recommends how revenue is shared between the federation and provinces.

131.Which article provides for the Council of Common Interests?

  1. A. Article 154
  2. B. Article 160
  3. C. Article 153
  4. D. Article 144
Show answer

Answer: C. Article 153

The CCI resolves disputes between the federation and provinces.

132.Who chairs the Council of Common Interests?

  1. A. The Chief Justice
  2. B. The President
  3. C. The Senate Chairman
  4. D. The Prime Minister
Show answer

Answer: D. The Prime Minister

The CCI includes the four chief ministers and three federal ministers.

133.Which article provides for the National Economic Council?

  1. A. Article 156
  2. B. Article 158
  3. C. Article 160
  4. D. Article 153
Show answer

Answer: A. Article 156

The NEC, chaired by the PM, approves national development plans.

134.Which article says natural gas belongs first to the province where the wellhead is?

  1. A. Article 158
  2. B. Article 172
  3. C. Article 160
  4. D. Article 161
Show answer

Answer: A. Article 158

Article 158 gives the producing province priority.

135.Which article deals with the Armed Forces?

  1. A. Article 243
  2. B. Article 41
  3. C. Article 245
  4. D. Article 244
Show answer

Answer: A. Article 243

Article 243 places the command of the armed forces with the federal government.

136.Which article lets the federal government call in the armed forces to help civil power?

  1. A. Article 148
  2. B. Article 232
  3. C. Article 245
  4. D. Article 243
Show answer

Answer: C. Article 245

Article 245 deals with the functions of the armed forces.

137.Which article deals with a proclamation of emergency due to war or internal disturbance?

  1. A. Article 234
  2. B. Article 245
  3. C. Article 235
  4. D. Article 232
Show answer

Answer: D. Article 232

Article 232 lets the President declare an emergency.

138.Which article deals with failure of constitutional machinery in a province?

  1. A. Article 232
  2. B. Article 233
  3. C. Article 234
  4. D. Article 235
Show answer

Answer: C. Article 234

Article 234 allows federal control of a province.

139.Which article deals with a financial emergency?

  1. A. Article 234
  2. B. Article 232
  3. C. Article 236
  4. D. Article 235
Show answer

Answer: D. Article 235

Article 235 covers threats to economic life or financial stability.

140.Which article deals with amending the Constitution?

  1. A. Article 240
  2. B. Article 241
  3. C. Article 238
  4. D. Article 239
Show answer

Answer: D. Article 239

Article 239 sets the procedure for constitutional amendments.

141.What majority is needed in each house to amend the Constitution?

  1. A. Half of the total membership
  2. B. Two-thirds of the total membership
  3. C. A simple majority
  4. D. Three-quarters of those present
Show answer

Answer: B. Two-thirds of the total membership

Each house must pass the bill by a two-thirds majority of its total members.

142.Which article deals with the Federal Public Service Commission and civil services?

  1. A. Article 240
  2. B. Article 243
  3. C. Article 212
  4. D. Article 242
Show answer

Answer: D. Article 242

Article 242 provides for Public Service Commissions.

143.Which article deals with administrative courts and tribunals for civil servants?

  1. A. Article 199
  2. B. Article 242
  3. C. Article 212
  4. D. Article 240
Show answer

Answer: C. Article 212

Service tribunals are set up under Article 212.

144.Which article defines "Pakistan" and other terms used in the Constitution?

  1. A. Article 251
  2. B. Article 260
  3. C. Article 280
  4. D. Article 1
Show answer

Answer: B. Article 260

Article 260 is the definitions clause.

145.Which article says English may be used for official purposes until arrangements are made for Urdu?

  1. A. Article 251
  2. B. Article 260
  3. C. Article 1
  4. D. Article 28
Show answer

Answer: A. Article 251

Article 251 also lets provinces promote provincial languages.

146.The original 1973 Constitution set how many years for replacing English with Urdu?

  1. A. 10 years
  2. B. 20 years
  3. C. 15 years
  4. D. 5 years
Show answer

Answer: C. 15 years

Article 251 gave 15 years from 1973.

147.Which article deals with the Attorney-General for Pakistan?

  1. A. Article 140
  2. B. Article 168
  3. C. Article 100
  4. D. Article 175
Show answer

Answer: C. Article 100

The President appoints the Attorney-General.

148.Which article deals with the Advocate-General of a province?

  1. A. Article 168
  2. B. Article 140
  3. C. Article 100
  4. D. Article 105
Show answer

Answer: B. Article 140

Each province has an Advocate-General.

149.Which article deals with the Auditor-General of Pakistan?

  1. A. Article 160
  2. B. Article 100
  3. C. Article 168
  4. D. Article 170
Show answer

Answer: C. Article 168

Article 168 provides for the Auditor-General.

150.Which article deals with the Provincial Governor?

  1. A. Article 105
  2. B. Article 101
  3. C. Article 140
  4. D. Article 130
Show answer

Answer: B. Article 101

The President appoints governors on the PM's advice.

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